Урок 15
Тема РАВНИНЫ КАЗАХСТАНА
Цель: Конкретизировать представления учащихся об
особенностях рельефа на территории Казахстана, познакомить с особенностями
равнин на территории Республики; развивать умения учащихся работать с
географическими картами и контурными картами; воспитывать интерес к изучаемому
предмету.
Оборудование: Проектор, Презентация, учебник, Физическая карта
Казахстана, Атлас
Тип урока: комбинированный урок
Методы и приемы: наглядно – практические, частично-поисковые
ХОД
УРОКА
- Оргмоент.
- Проверка домашнего задания - фронтальный опрос об образовании основных форм рельефа на
территории РК, о роли внутренних и внешних сил в разных районах РК в
формировании рельефа
- Целеполагающий этап – актуализация представлений учащихся о равнинах, о градации равнин
по высоте, о видах равнин по способу образования
1. What is called the plains? What surface can be plain? Plains are flat. There hilly
plains
2. As distinguished by high plains?
Height plains.By height above sea level among
distinguish low plains (lowlands), elevated (height) and high (Plateau).
Lowlands have absolute height to 200
m. For example, West-Siberian plain with flat surface in Eurasia.
At the Earth's surface is the lowlands, which are even below the level Sea. For
example, Pre-Caspian Sea lowland lies 28
m below sea level.
Highlands - It is plain from heights from 200 to 500
m. The hills include, for example Podolskin Ukraine.
Plateau - It is also plain, just high enough - over 500
meters above sea level. Examples are Serednosybirske plateau and
plateauDean in Asia.
3. For the scale heights in the atlas defining what colors
mark each type of plains in height. Give examples of each type of plains.
4.Изучение
нового материала
- работа с Физической картой Казахстана – определение
особенностей географического положения равнин на территории Казахстана
- работа с тектонической картой – определение особенностей тектонического и
геологического строения равнин Республики
- просмотр Презентации PPT «Рельеф Казахстана»(см.
Приложение1 Презентация PPT, Работа с текстом работа с
текстом на английском языке – см. Приложение 2)
5. Закрепление
- работа с текстом учебника – определение особенностей
каждой равнины на территории Казахстана, запись в тетрадь в виде таблицы
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Равнины Казахстана
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Общие черты равнин на территории
Казахстана
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Особенности равнин на территории
Казахстана
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Восточно-Европейская равнина
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Западно-Сибирская (Северо-Казахская равнина)
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Туранская низменность
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Плато Устюрт
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Плато Торгай
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6-7.
Подведение итогов, рефлексия, выставление
оценок.
- Домашнее задание
Приложение 2
Surface
plains. On our planet
dominated by flat terrain. It is well visible at physical map hemispheres.
Plains are flat. Their surface level,
there are no notable rises and descents. There hilly plains, where
alternating with a lower increase. But such disparities are high relative to 200
m. Thus, plain - A relatively level area Earth's surface with
small fluctuations heights. Most of the plains of the world huge in size. This
is reflected in their names: Great Plain of ChinaEurasiaGreat
Plains in North America. At one Eastern European plain fit
the territory of many countries - Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Lithuania,
Latvia, Estonia and Russia (West).
Height plains.By height above sea level among distinguish low plains
(lowlands), elevated (height) and high (Plateau).
Lowlands have absolute height to 200
m. For example, West-Siberian plain with flat surface in Eurasia.
At the Earth's surface is the lowlands, which are even below the level Sea. For
example, Pre-Caspian Sea lowland lies 28
m below sea level.
Highlands - It is plain from heights from 200 to 500
m. The hills include, for example Podolskin Ukraine.
Plateau - It is also plain, just high enough - over 500
meters above sea level. Examples are Serednosybirske plateau and
plateauDean in Asia.
Formation plains.Plains can be formed as a result of lifting and removal of sea
water bottom. This occurs during the vertical movement of the crust. These
plain called primary. For example, Black Sea lowlandFarmland
was once the bottom of the Black Sea.
Secondary plain formed differently. Some of them,
created river sediments (sand, loam), which accumulated in a long time decrease
in the crust. Their surface is flat or undulating. Yes Mesopotamian
marshes formed by sediments of the rivers Euphrates and Tiger. The
plains may occur in place of mountains, when under the influence of external
processes destroyed their peaks and slopes and valleys filled with rubble. Then
the mountain place gradually and leveled into a hilly plain. An example
is Kazakh dribnosopkovyk- High plain, where the tower remains
of some mountain ranges. In Ukraine is so plainDonets Ridge.
Plains usually coated thickness of sedimentary rocks: sand, clay,
lesamy, gravel, limestone. Lie deep beneath magmatic and metamorphic rocks:
granites and gneiss. In some places they come to the surface. Layers of
sedimentary rocks lying horizontally or with a slight incline. Determine which
way inclined plain and on the ground, and can map the direction of flow of
rivers.
Change surface of the plains.Plain is affected by internal and external
processes. Plains, as usually lie on the platform - the old stable areas
aligned lithospheric plates. Therefore, internal processes, there appear to be
mainly in the slow vertical movements.
External processes related to the work of water and wind. Where
there is enough fluid water formed river valleys, ravines. Yara destroy the
area's fertile lands. To combat people impose on them bushes and trees. In the
desert, where dry, the surface of the plains changes due to weathering and the
action of wind, creating a sand ridge, dunes and dunes. Today was a great
external force and economic activity rights. During construction of the bridge,
laying paths gully fall asleep, make embankments. During mining operations have
careers and near mines growing mounds of waste - piles.
Unfortunately, often converting natural person has a negative surface
consequences. Nedbal economic activity can lead to dense network of ravines,
the conversion of fertile land on the heath.
Plains
of Kazakhstan.
L owlands take 1/3
of the whole territory of Kazakhstan. They are West-Siberian Plain, Turanskaya
plain and Pre Caspian.
West- Siberian
plain. The south outskirts of
West-Siberian plain are situated in the north and north-east of republic. It
stretches like a narrow strip from the Ural mountains to Altay. The relief of
this plain is monotonous. There are no high hills or uplands. Only in some
places there are small lanes(впадина) and banks 5-15
meters high they present a chain of small lakes. As this plain was a floor of
the sea so it consists of horizonal layers of sea sediments: clay, loam(суглинок)
and sand.
This plain has a
general slope (наклон)from the south to the north. In the south where it
joins Saryarka, it raises 200m. above the sea level and in the north and
north-east ( Petropavlovsk) it becomes lower till 130-140m. On the
West-Siberian plain we can distinguish two plains: Preirtysskaya and
Yesil-Tobolskaya.
Turanskaya plain.
It occupies a considerable part of
south-west and south of republic. Only the north part of it belongs to Kazakhstan. In the outskirts it rises about 200m above the sea level and lowing in the
direction of the Aral sea. It has the horizonallayers of sea, lake and river
sediment deposits. In the north it connects with Turgay hollow and
west-siberian lowland.
On the territory of Kazakhstan Syrdariya divides Turannskaya plain into two parts: northern and
southern. The north part is occupied by deserts Karakum and also Large and
Small Barsuky and the southern part by the sand Kyzilkum.
Precaspian lowland
is situated between general Syrt, Pre Ural plateau in the north and the Caspian
sea in the south-west. In the south-west the plain borders on plateau Ustyurt
and Mangyshlak. It consists of sea and river deposits such as sand, clay and
silt(ил) At the banks of the sea the lowland lies 27
m below sea level and going further it slowly goes up and at the outskirts
reaches the hight 100 absolute hight. The relief of Pre Caspian lowland is
monotonous. There are many flat clay plains and sand massives.Here you can come
across Naryn, Butpaysagyr, Bozanay, Kosdaulet, Myntobe, Taysoygan and Karakum
sand.
Plateaus and
hilly regions.
1Plateau
Ustyurt. It is situated between a
peninsular Mangystau and the Aral sea. Ustyurt represents a hilly plain with a
average height 200m above the sea. The highest point is uval Muzbel(340)m. To
the north-east it slowly goes down, It consists of some layers of clay,
sandstone and limestone. Ustyurt is restricted(ограничить) by
sheer (отвесный) rocks from all sides, they are curved by rare gorges
which lead to the plateau.
2Turgayskoye
plateau It is situated between Mugodzhary and the south Ural.The north part
joins West Siberian plain and the south part Shelkar-Tengiz hollow. The average
height is 200-300m. In the middle along the plateau from the north to the south
it is going down, forming Turgayskaya hollow or Turgay strait or Turgay
gatesThis strait connects West-Siberian plain with Turan lowland and Turgay
plateau is separated from Saryarka. It consists of horizonal sea and
continental deposits such as clay, sand, mergel and clay-sifliceous(кремнистовый) It is well irrigated by the waters of the Yesil, the Tobol
and numerous lakes.
3PreUral (Emba)
plateau is situated between
Precaspian lowland and Mugodzhary.The average height of the plateau is
100-300m, It consists of clay and sand and in some places of phosphorits. It is
irrigated by the river system of the Emba.
4 Plateau
Betpakdala. It is situated between
the river Sarysu in the west and lake Balkhash in the east, by Saryarka in the
north and the river Chu in the south. The flat surface of the plateau is
monotonous. Sometimes you can meet dry hollows and not deep lowings occupied by
salt-marshes (солончаки) and self sedimentary lakes. There is no flowing
water here. The average absolute height is 300-350m Eastern part of Betpakdala
consists of granit and schists. South-west part consists of sandstone, clay,
pebbles. In the lower part there are sea and continental deposits.
5 General Syrt a huge upland situated between the Volga and the
Ural. Only a small south part of it belongs to Kazakhstan. It consists of
limestone and chalk and other sedimentary deposits. Along Syrt flows numerous
tributories of the Ural. The relief of this upland is different As for Kazakhstan it is more flat.
6 PreBalkhash
upland plain is situated to the south
of the lake Baykal, between Zhungarsky Alatau in the south-east, Zailiysky
Alatau in the south and Chu Iliyski mountain in the west.The peculiarity of
this plain is that it uprises from350 to 700m in the direction of the mountains
surrounding it. On preBalkhash plain there are sand deserts Taukum,
Saryeysik-Atyrau and Bakanas clay and sand plain crossed by numerous dry river
beds.On the plain there are rows of sand alternating with sand hills and
clay-sand spots.
Questions
and Tasks
1. What is
called the plains? What surface can be plain?
2. As distinguished by high plains?
3. For the scale heights in the atlas defining what colors mark
each type of plains in height. Give examples of each type of plains.
4.
What is plain in Kazakhstan?
5.
As plains
formed?
6.Under the action of processes which may change the surface of
the plains?
7.
Нow to determine the slope of the plains?
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